2011년 8월 9일 화요일

Course Descriptions

LOWER-DIVISION LANGUAGE COURSES

Beginning Korean: First-Year I, II, III

LTKO 1A - Beginning Korean: First Year I

First year Korean 1A (5 units) is the first part of the Beginning Korean series. This course is designed to assist students to develop low-beginning level skills in the Korean language. These skills are speaking, listening, reading, and writing, as well as cultural understanding. This course will begin by introducing the writing and sound system of the Korean language. The remainder of the course will focus on grammatical patterns such as basic sentence structures, some grammatical points, and expressions. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to do the following in Korean: 

Speaking: Students are able to handle successfully a limited number of uncomplicated communicative tasks by creating with the language in straightforward social situation. Conversation is restricted to some of the concrete exchanges and predictable topics necessary for survival in the target-language culture. They can express personal meaning by combining and recombining what they know and what they hear from their interlocutors into short statements and discrete sentences.
Listening: Students are able to understand some information from sentence-length speech, one utterance at a time, in basic personal and social contexts, though comprehension is often uneven.
Reading: Students are able to understand some information from the simplest connected texts dealing with a limited number of personal and social needs, although there may be frequent misunderstandings.
Writing: Students are able to meet some limited practical writing needs. They can create statements and formulate questions based on familiar material. Most sentences are re-combinations of learned vocabulary and structure.
Pre-Requisite: No Prior Study of Korean.


LTKO 1B - Beginning Korean: First Year II

First Year Korean 1B (5 units) is the second part of the Beginning Korean series. This course is designed to assist students to develop mid-beginning level skills in the Korean language. These skills are speaking, listening, reading, and writing, as well as cultural understanding. LTKO 1B is designed for students who have already mastered the materials covered in LTKO 1A or who are already in the equivalent proficiency level. This course will focus on grammatical patterns, such as sentence structures, some simple grammatical points, and some survival level use of the Korean language. Additionally, speaking, reading, writing, and listening comprehension will all be emphasized, with special attention to oral speech. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to do the following in Korean: 

Speaking: Students are able to handle successfully a variety of uncomplicated communicative tasks in straightforward social situations. Conversation is generally limited to those predictable and concrete exchange necessary for survival in the target culture. They are capable of asking a variety of questions when necessary to obtain simple information to satisfy basic needs.
Listening: Students are able to understand simple, sentence-length speech, one utterance at a time, in variety of basic personal and social contexts. Comprehension is most often accurate with highly familiar and predictable topics although a few misunderstandings may occur.
Reading: Students are able to understand short, non-complex texts that convey basic information and deal with basic personal and social topics to which they bring personal interest or knowledge, although some misunderstandings may occur. They may get some meaning from short connected texts featuring description and narration, dealing with familiar topics.
Writing: Students are able to meet a number of practical writing needs. They can write short, simple communications, compositions, and requests for information in loosely connected texts about personal preferences, daily routines, common events, and other personal topics.
Pre-Requisite: LTKO 1A or equivalent level of Korean language proficiency


LTKO 1C - Beginning Korean: First Year III

First Year Korean 1C (5 units) is the third part of the Beginning Korean. This course is designed to assist students to develop high-beginning level skills in the Korean language. These skills are speaking, listening, reading, and writing, as well as cultural understanding. LTKO 1C is designed for students who have already mastered LTKO 1B or who are already in the equivalent proficiency level. This course will focus on grammatical patterns such as sentence structures, some simple grammatical points, and some survival level use of Korean language. Additionally, speaking, reading, writing, and listening comprehension will all be emphasized, with special attention to oral speech. Upon completion of this course, students will become able to do the following in Korean: 

Speaking: Students are able to converse with ease and confidence when dealing with the routine tasks and social situations. They are able to handle successfully uncomplicated tasks and social situations requiring an exchange of basic information. They can narrate and describe in all major time frames using connected discourse of paragraph length, but not all the time.
Listening: Students are able to understand, with ease and confidence, simple sentence-length speech in basic personal and social contexts. They can derive substantial meaning from some connected texts, although there often will be gaps in understanding due to a limited knowledge of the vocabulary and structure of the spoken language.
Reading: Students are able to understand fully and with ease short, non-complex texts that convey basic information and deal with personal and social topics to which they brings personal interest or knowledge. They are able to understand some connected texts featuring description and narration although there will be occasional gaps in understanding due to a limited knowledge of the vocabulary, structures, and writing conventions of the language.
Writing: Students are able to meet all practical writing needs of the basic level. They also can write compositions and simple summaries related to work and/or school experiences. They can narrate and describe in different time frames when writing about everyday events and situations.
Pre-Requisite: LTKO 1B or equivalent level of Korean language proficiency



Intermediate Korean: Second-Year I, II, III

LTKO 2A - Intermediate Korean: Second Year I

Second Year Korean 2A is the first part of the Intermediate Korean. Students in this course are assumed to have previous knowledge of Korean, which was taught in the Korean 1A, 1B, and 1C courses. Students in this course will learn low-intermediate level skills in the areas of listening, speaking, reading, and writing in Korean, as well as expand their cultural understanding. Upon completion of this course, students are expected to acquire and use more vocabularies, expressions and sentence structures and to have a good command of Korean in various conversational situations. Students are expected to write short essays using the vocabularies, expressions, and sentence structures introduced. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to do the following in Korean:

Speaking: Students are able to handle a variety of communicative tasks. They are able to participate in most informal and some formal conversations on topics related to school, home, and leisure activities. Students demonstrate the ability to narrate and describe in the major time frames in paragraph-length discourse. They show the ability  to combine and link sentences into connected discourse of paragraph length.
Listening: Students are able to understand short conventional narrative and descriptive texts with a clear underlying structure though their comprehension may uneven. They understand the main facts and some supporting details. Comprehension may often derive primarily from situation and subject-matter knowledge.
Reading: Students are able to understand conventional narrative and descriptive texts with a clear underlying structure though their comprehension may be uneven. These texts predominantly contain high-frequency vocabulary and structure. Students understand the main ideas and some supporting details. Comprehension may often derive primarily from situational and subject-matter knowledge.
Writing: Students are able to meet basic work and/or academic writing needs. They are able to compose simple summaries on familiar topics. They are able to combine and link sentences into texts of paragraph length and structure. They demonstrate the ability to incorporate a limited number of cohesive devices.
Pre-Requisite: LTKO 1C or equivalent level of Korean language proficiency


LTKO 2B - Intermediate Korean: Second Year II

Second Year Korean 2B (5 units) is the second part of the Intermediate Korean. Students in this course are assumed to have previous knowledge of Korean, which was taught during the Korean 1A, 1B, 1C, and 2A courses. Students in this course will learn mid-intermediate level of standard modern Korean in listening, speaking, reading, and writing, as well as expand their cultural understanding. After the completion of this course, students are expected to acquire and use more vocabularies, expressions, and sentence structures and to have a good command of Korean in various conversational situations. Students are also expected to write short essays using the vocabularies, expressions, and sentence structures introduced. Upon completion of this course, students will become able to do the following in Korean: 

Speaking: Students are able to handle with ease and confidence a large number of communicative tasks. They participate actively in most informal and some formal exchanges on a variety of concrete topics relating to work, school, home, and leisure activities, as well as topics relating to events of current, public, and personal interest or individual relevance.
Listening: Students are able to understand conventional narrative and descriptive texts, such as extended descriptions of persons, places, and things, and narrations about past, present, and future events. The speech is predominantly in familiar target-language patterns. They understand the main facts and many supporting details.
Reading: Students are able to understand conventional narrative and descriptive texts, such as extended descriptions of persons, places, and things and narrations about past, present, and future events. They understand the main ideas, facts and many supporting details. Students may derive some meaning from texts that are structurally and/or conceptually more complex.
Writing: Students are able to meet a range of work and/or academic writing needs. They are able to write straightforward summaries on topics of general interest. There is good control of the most frequently used target-language syntactic structure and a range of general vocabulary.
Pre-Requisite: LTKO 2A or equivalent level of Korean language proficiency


LTKO 2C - Intermediate Korean: Second Year III

Second Year Korean 2C (5 units) is the third part of the Intermediate Korean. Students in this course are assumed to have previous knowledge of Korean, which was taught during the Korean 1A, 1B, 1C, 2A and 2B courses. Students in this course will learn high-intermediate level of standard modern Korean in listening, speaking, reading, and writing, as well as expand their cultural understanding. After the completion of this course, students are expected to acquire and use more vocabularies, expressions, and sentence structures and to have a good command of Korean in various conversational situations. Students are also expected to write short essays using the vocabularies, expressions, and sentence structures introduced. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to do the following in Korean:

Speaking: Students can perform all intermediate-level tasks with linguistic ease, confidence, and competence. They are consistently able to explain in detail and narrate fully and accurately in all time frame. In addition, they may provide a structured argument to support their opinions, and they may construct hypotheses. They may demonstrate a well-developed ability to compensate for an imperfect grasp of some forms or for limitations in vocabulary by the confident use of communicative strategies.
Listening: Students are able to understand, with ease and confidence, conventional narrative and descriptive texts of any length as well as complex factual material such as summaries or reports. They are able to follow some of the essential points of more complex or argumentative speech in areas of special interest or knowledge.
Reading: Students are able to understand, fully and with ease, conventional narrative and descriptive texts of any length as well as more complex factual material. They are able to follow some of the essential points of argumentative texts in areas of special interest or knowledge. In addition, they are able to understand parts of texts that deal with unfamiliar topics or situations.
Writing: Students are able to write about a variety of topics with significant precision and detail. They can handle informal and formal correspondence according to appropriate conventions. They can write summaries and reports of a factual nature. They can also write extensively about topics relating to particular interests and special areas of competence.
Pre-Requisite: LTKO 2B or equivalent level of Korean language proficiency



UPPER-DIVISION LANGUAGE COURSE

Advanced Korean: Third-Year I, II, III

LTKO 130F - Advanced Korean: Third Year I

Third Year Korean 130F (4 units) is the first part of the advanced Korean. Students in this course are assumed to have previous knowledge of Korean, which was taught in the Korean 2A, 2B, and 2C courses. Students in this course will learn low-advanced level skills in the areas of listening, speaking, reading, and writing in Korean, as well as expand their cultural understanding. Upon completion of this course, students are expected to acquire and use more vocabularies, expressions and sentence structures and to have a good command of Korean in formal situations. Students are expected to read and understand daily newspapers and daily news broadcasts. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to do the following in Korean:

Speaking: Students are able to communicate with accuracy and fluency in order to participate fully and effectively in conversations on a variety of topics in formal and informal settings from both concrete and abstract perspectives. They discuss their interests and special fields of competence, explain complex matters in detail, and provide lengthy and coherent narrations, all with ease, fluency, and accuracy. They present their opinions on a number of issues of interest to them, and provide structured arguments to support these opinions.
Listening: Students are able to understand speech in a standard dialect on a wide range of familiar and less familiar topics. They can follow linguistically complex extended discourse. Comprehension is no longer limited to the listener's familiarity with subject matter, but also comes from a command of the language that is supported by a broad vocabulary, an understanding of more complex structures and linguistic experience within the target culture. Students can understand not only what is said, but sometimes what is left unsaid.
Reading: Students are able to understand texts from many genres dealing with a wide range of subjects, both familiar and unfamiliar. Comprehension is no longer limited to the reader's familiarity with subject matter, but also comes from a command of the language that is supported by a broad vocabulary, an understanding of complex structures and knowledge of the target culture. Students at this level can draw inferences from textual and extralinguistic clues.
Writing: Students are able to produce most kinds of formal and informal correspondence, in-depth summaries, reports, and research papers. They demonstrate the ability to explain complex matters, and to present and support opinions by developing cogent arguments and hypotheses. They demonstrate a high degree of control of grammar and syntax, of general vocabulary, of spelling or symbol production, of cohesive devices, and of punctuation.
Pre-Requisite: LTKO 2C or equivalent level of Korean language proficiency


LTKO 130W - Advanced Korean: Third Year II

Third Year Korean 130W (4 units) is the second part of the advanced Korean. Students in this course are assumed to have previous knowledge of Korean, which was taught in the Korean 2A, 2B, 2C and 130F courses. Students in this course will learn mid-advanced level skills in the areas of listening, speaking, reading, and writing in Korean, as well as expand their cultural understanding. Upon completion of this course, students are expected to acquire and use more vocabularies, expressions and sentence structures and to have a good command of Korean in formal situations. Students are expected to read and understand daily newspapers and daily news broadcasts. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to do the following in Korean:

Speaking: Students are able to communicate with accuracy and fluency in order to participate fully and effectively in conversations on a variety of topics in formal and informal settings from both concrete and abstract perspectives. They discuss their interests and special fields of competence, explain complex matters in detail, and provide lengthy and coherent narrations, all with ease, fluency, and accuracy. They present their opinions on a number of issues of interest to them, and provide structured arguments to support these opinions.
Listening: Students are able to understand speech in a standard dialect on a wide range of familiar and less familiar topics. They can follow linguistically complex extended discourse. Comprehension is no longer limited to the listener's familiarity with subject matter, but also comes from a command of the language that is supported by a broad vocabulary, an understanding of more complex structures and linguistic experience within the target culture. Students can understand not only what is said, but sometimes what is left unsaid.
Reading: Students are able to understand texts from many genres dealing with a wide range of subjects, both familiar and unfamiliar. Comprehension is no longer limited to the reader's familiarity with subject matter, but also comes from a command of the language that is supported by a broad vocabulary, an understanding of complex structures and knowledge of the target culture. Students at this level can draw inferences from textual and extralinguistic clues.
Writing: Students are able to produce most kinds of formal and informal correspondence, in-depth summaries, reports, and research papers. They demonstrate the ability to explain complex matters, and to present and support opinions by developing cogent arguments and hypotheses. They demonstrate a high degree of control of grammar and syntax, of general vocabulary, of spelling or symbol production, of cohesive devices, and of punctuation.
Pre-Requisite: LTKO 2C or equivalent level of Korean language proficiency


LTKO 130P - Advanced Korean: Third Year III

Third Year Korean 130P (4 units) is the third part of the advanced Korean. Students in this course are assumed to have previous knowledge of Korean, which was taught in the Korean 2A, 2B, 2C, 130F and 130W courses. Students in this course will learn high-advanced level skills in the areas of listening, speaking, reading, and writing in Korean, as well as expand their cultural understanding. Upon completion of this course, students are expected to acquire and use more vocabularies, expressions and sentence structures and to have a good command of Korean in formal situations. Students are expected to read and understand daily newspapers and daily news broadcasts. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to do the following in Korean:

Speaking: Students are able to communicate with accuracy and fluency in order to participate fully and effectively in conversations on a variety of topics in formal and informal settings from both concrete and abstract perspectives. They discuss their interests and special fields of competence, explain complex matters in detail, and provide lengthy and coherent narrations, all with ease, fluency, and accuracy. They present their opinions on a number of issues of interest to them, and provide structured arguments to support these opinions.
Listening: Students are able to understand speech in a standard dialect on a wide range of familiar and less familiar topics. They can follow linguistically complex extended discourse. Comprehension is no longer limited to the listener's familiarity with subject matter, but also comes from a command of the language that is supported by a broad vocabulary, an understanding of more complex structures and linguistic experience within the target culture. Students can understand not only what is said, but sometimes what is left unsaid.
Reading: Students are able to understand texts from many genres dealing with a wide range of subjects, both familiar and unfamiliar. Comprehension is no longer limited to the reader's familiarity with subject matter, but also comes from a command of the language that is supported by a broad vocabulary, an understanding of complex structures and knowledge of the target culture. Students at this level can draw inferences from textual and extralinguistic clues.
Writing: Students are able to produce most kinds of formal and informal correspondence, in-depth summaries, reports, and research papers. They demonstrate the ability to explain complex matters, and to present and support opinions by developing cogent arguments and hypotheses. They demonstrate a high degree of control of grammar and syntax, of general vocabulary, of spelling or symbol production, of cohesive devices, and of punctuation.
Pre-Requisite: LTKO 2C or equivalent level of Korean language proficiency


Advanced Korean: Readings in Sino-Korean Characters

LTKO 135: Readings in Sino-Korean Characters (4) 

Students in this course will learn advanced and superior level Sino-Korean vocabulary and characters, skills in reading and understanding advanced and superior level Korean reading materials, and expand their understanding of Korean culture. Upon completion of this course, students are expected to have acquired an expanded vocabulary, knowledge of various expressions using Sino-Korean vocabulary and characters.
Sino-Korean vocabulary and characters necessary for advanced and superior level of knowledge in Korean. Sino-Korean characters are used differently from same Chinese characters used in contemporary China in terms of pronunciation, meaning, and word formation. 
Sino-Korean words represent over 70% of Korean vocabulary in advanced and superior level. Since most modern Korean is written phonetically in hangul however, the semantic connections between related words are not readily transparent to most learners without Chinese character instruction. This course can help students retain new Sino-Korean vocabulary over a short period of time.
Pre-Requisite: LTKO 2C or equivalent level of Korean language proficiency

Proficiency Test

For the detail information on the Proficiency Exam, please visit http://linguistics.ucsd.edu/language/proficiency-exam.html.

Reference for self-study (Reading Part)

살아있는 한국어: 관용어 (Language Plus)
살아있는 한국어: 속담 (Language Plus)
서강 한국어 1A (서강대학교 출판부)
서강 한국어 1B (서강대학교 출판부)
서강 한국어 2A (서강대학교 출판부)
서강 한국어 2B (서강대학교 출판부)
서강 한국어 3A (서강대학교 출판부)
서강 한국어 3B (서강대학교 출판부)
이화 한국어 1 (이화여자대학교 출판부)
이화 한국어 2 (이화여자대학교 출판부)
이화 한국어 3 (이화여자대학교 출판부)
재미있는 한국어 1 (고려대학교 출판부)
재미있는 한국어 2 (고려대학교 출판부)
재미있는 한국어 3 (고려대학교 출판부)
한국어 1 (서울대학교 출판부)
한국어 2 (서울대학교 출판부)
한국어 3 (서울대학교 출판부)
한국어 1 (연세대학교 출판부)
한국어 2 (연세대학교 출판부)
한국어 3 (연세대학교 출판부)
Beginner’s Korean (Hippocrene Books)
Collage Korean: Beginning (University of California Press)
Collage Korean: Intermediate (University of California Press)
Essential Korean Idioms (Seoul Selection Inc.)
Essential Korean Proverbs (Kong & Park Inc.)
Integrated Korean: Beginning 1 (University of Hawaii Press)
Integrated Korean: Beginning 2 (University of Hawaii Press)
Integrated Korean: Intermediate 1 (University of Hawaii Press)
Integrated Korean: Intermediate 2 (University of Hawaii Press)
Modern Korean (University of Hawaii Press)

Placement Test

If you would like to take LTKO 1A-B-C, LTKO 2A-B-C or LTKO 130F-W-P, you are required to take a placement test.

* If you are a student with no or a little Korean language background, you can enroll in LTKO 1A with no placement test result. A placement test will be given in class on the first day of instruction to check if you are a real beginner.

* If you are a student with home Korean language background or a student with a previous Korean language learning experience, you are not allowed to enroll in LTKO 1A. In this case, you should enroll in higher level LTKO classes, and you need to take a placement test before you enroll. Otherwise the WebReg won't accept your enrollment. 

* You can take a placement test anytime during the instructor's office hours. (It will take 50 minutes.) If you have time conflict, you can request PDF file placement test instead. To request this file, please contact the instructor (jeyseon@ucsd.edu).

If you attended an elementary school higher grade (4th - 6th) in Korea and if you want to enroll in LTKO 130FWP, please send any documents verifying that you graduated a middle school and a high school in America (or somewhere else besides Korea) to the instructor (jeyseon@ucsd.edu). With the verification, you will be allowed to enroll in LTKO 130FWP with no placement test.

* If you are an incoming student, scheduled to enroll during the summer vacation, you can receive a PDF file placement test. To request this file, please contact the instructor (jeyseon@ucsd.edu).

* A placement test will be given in class on the first day of instruction too, but the WebReg won't allow you to enroll until you receive the test results. Therefore, taking a placement test before or during the enrollment period is strongly recommended. If you want to take a placement test on the first day of instruction, please directly go to the class section you want to enroll in. 

* If you miss the first day of instruction, a placement test will be given in class or during the instructor's office hours for the first two weeks of each quarter.


STUDENTS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT THEY MUST BE PLACED INTO APPROPRIATE LEVELS ON THE BASIS OF THE INSTRUCTOR'S EVALUATION.


Tips for Self-Assessment

If you have no Korean language background, take LTKO 1A.

If you do not know the Korean Alphabet, cannot count numbers, cannot tell time, and cannot speak present and past tenses in Korean, take LTKO 1A.


Sample Reading (LTKO 1A: 1 10)

요코씨토요일에 시간 있어요토요일은  생일이에요그래서 우리 집에서 생일 파티를  거예요파티는 저녁 6시에 있어요요코씨 와야 돼요우리 집은 시청 근처에 있어요학교에서 지하철 6호선을 타세요그리고 신당에서 2호선으로 갈아타고 오세요시청역 앞에 한국 아파트가 있어요우리 집은 한국 아파트 2 510예요학교에서 우리 집까지 30분쯤 걸릴 거예요그럼 토요일에 만나요.


If you do not properly understand basic level daily conversations spoken in Korean, take LTKO 1B.

If you understand basic level daily conversations but have difficulty responding in Korean, take LTKO 1C.


Sample Reading (LTKO 1B: 2 4)

다음 주에 친구 결혼식이 있어요그래서 예쁜 옷을 한  사러 갔어요나는 분홍색 치마하고 하얀색 블라우스를 사고 싶었어요먼저 분홍색 치마를 입어 봤는데 몸에  맞았어요그리고 색깔도 나한테  어울리는  같아서 정말 마음에 들었어요그런데 하얀색 블라우스는  작은  같았어요하얀색 블라우스를  하나 사고 싶었는데  작은  같아서 분홍색 치마만 샀어요.



Sample Reading (LTKO 1C: 2 15)

안녕하세요미리네 하숙집입니다 학기에 좋은 하숙집 찾기 어렵지요고민하지 말고 미리네 하숙집으로 오세요미리네는 시설 좋은 신축 건물 하숙집입니다. 5분만 가면 지하철역도 있고 근처에  할인점도 있어서 생활하기에 아주 편합니다그리고 매일매일 다른 메뉴로 맛있는 아침과 저녁을 준비해 드리기 때문에 학생들 사이에서 정말 인기가 많습니다한달에 50-60만원 정도이고 화장실이나 가구가 없는 방은 45만원에도 가능합니다아래 연락처로 전화하고  보러 오세요구경만 해도 괜찮습니다.


If you do not properly understand various daily conversations spoken in Korean, or you understand various daily conversations but have difficulty responding in Korean, take LTKO 2A, 2B, or 2C.

If you attended an elementary school in Korea up to 3rd grade, or your Korean language skills are equivalent to that level, take LTKO 2A (1st grade), 2B(2nd grade), or 2C (3rd grade).


Sample Reading (LTKO 2A: 3 10)

선물을 주고 받는 것은 즐거운 일이지만 조금만 신경울 쓰면 기분 좋게 마음까지 주고받을 있다고 생각한다정성이 담긴 선물은 가격이 조금 싸도 받는 사람을 행복하게 있다. 따라서 받는 사람에게 필요한 것이나 취향을 생각해서 선물을 준비하도록 해야 한다. 이렇게 정성껏 준비한 선물은 가격만 비싼 성의 없는 선물보다 받는 사람의 기분을 좋게 것이다반면에 가격이 너무 비싼 선물은 받는 사람을 부담스럽게  있다. 그런 선물을 받으면 이렇게 비싼 선물을 의도가 뭘까, 다음에 나도 상대방에게 정도의 선물을 줘야 하는 것이 아닐까 하는 생각을 하게 된다. 그래서 선물은 주는 사람도 받는 사람도 부담이 없는 정도가 적절하다.



Sample Reading (LTKO 2B: 4 5)

초등학교 시절부터 회사에 입사한 지금까지, 나는 언제나 남들의 부러움을 한몸에 받는 모범생이었다. 학창 시절의 성적도 뛰어났고 입사할 때도 수석이었다. 그런데 직장생활은 삶을 180도로 바꿔 놓았다. 직장 내의 일은 하나부터 열까지 다른 사람과 협력해야 하는 것들이었다. 다른 사람과 함께 공부를 하거나 일을 적이 없는 나의 업무 성적표는 그대로 꼴등이었다. 같이 보고서를 때도 내가 맡은 부분만 쓰면 된다는 생각에 다른 사람이 내용은 읽어 보지도 않았고, 회식 자리나 동료들과의 수다도 시시하다고 생각해 전혀 끼지 않았다. 결국 일도 못하고 분위기 파악도 못하는 왕따가 되었다. 함께 해야 비로소 소리를 내는 오케스트라처럼 '함께' 배우는 인생 수업은 이제부터가 시작이다.



Sample Reading (LTKO 2C: 4 14)

어젯밤, 강진구에 위치한 대형 할인점에 화재가 발생해 건물이 완전히 불타고 직원 손님 십여 명이 숨지거나 다치는 사고가 일어났습니다. 지난밤 9시경, 영업 중이던 할인점에 갑작스럽게 불길이 번지기 시작했고 신고를 받은 소방차가 3분여만에 도착했으나 불길이 너무 거세진 나머지 진화 작업에 어려움을 겪었습니다. 강진구청 재난과장 김정식씨는 화재가 발생하자 직원들이 고객을 신속하게 대피시켜 화재 규모에 비해 사상자가 적었다고 전했습니다. 경찰은 사고의 원인을 누전으로 추정하고 있으나 보다 정확한 원인을 조사하는 한편, 연락이 끊긴 실종자들에 대한 수색 작업도 벌이고 있다고 발표했습니다.


If you have no problem in various daily conversations but have difficulty reading Korean newspapers and understanding news broadcasts, take LTKO 130.

If you attended an elementary school in Korea from 4th to 6th grade, or your Korean language skills are equivalent to that level, take LTKO 130.


Sample Reading (LTKO 130FWP: 5권 9과)

세계사를  흐름으로 이해할  국가의 번영을 중심의 이동으로 인식하는 것은 매우 중요하다정치 경제 문화 종교  다양한 요인들에 의해 세계인들이 동경하는 장소가 이동하고 있으며 이동의 방향을 이해하는 것이 세계를 이해하는  방법이 되기 때문이다.
한때 세계인의 동경의 장소는 그리스와 로마였다그러나 로마 제국의 동서 분열 이후 세계의 중심은 뚜렷한 우위 없이 유럽 각지를 전전하다가 15세기 대항해 시대 이후  움직임에 엄청난 가속도가 붙게 된다. 15세기부터 16세기에 이르기까지 유럽의 중심은 포르투갈과 스페인이었다당시에는  나라 모두 관대한 식민지를 가진 강대국이었다현재 중남미의 국가들이 스페인어와 포르투갈어를 사용하는 것은 당시   나라가 남아메리카 대륙을 지배했기 때문이다.
그러나 이후  중심도 영국으로 이동하게 된다영국은 산업 혁명을 겪으며 경제적으로나 정치적으로 모든 나라 위에 군림하는 대영 제국으로서 세계의 중심이 된다거품 경제가 붕괴로 이어지기 전까지는 일본이 세계 경제의 중심이었다그러나  미국에게 자리를 물려주게 되고최근까지 세계 최강국의 자리를 지키고 있는 미국 역시 맹렬한 기세로 추격해 오는 중국의 위력에 불안해하고 있다.
근대까지 경제적 발전이  문화적인 발전을 의미했다그런 까닭에 세계의 중심도 명확했다하지만 근대 이후로 접어들면서 경제적 중심과 문화적 중심이 나뉘게 된다. 19세기 경제의 중심은 영국의 런던이었고같은 시기의 문화의 중심은 프랑스 파리였다 시대의 저명한 예술가는 대부분 파리에 모여 있었다파리 이전 예술의 중심은 피렌체로 대표되는 이탈리아였다그리고 지금 문화 예술의 명실상부한 중심은 뉴욕이다.
문화 예술의 중심은 경제의 중심과는 다르다경제의 중심이 다른 곳으로 이동하면 그곳에 남겨진 사람들은 쇠퇴와 몰락으로 인한 우울함을 맛보게 된다하지만 문화 예술의 중심이었던 곳에는 품격 있는 건축물과 명화예술과 문화의 향기라는 유산이 남아서 사람들은 이전의 영광을 긍지로 여기며 살아갈  있다로마피렌체파리빈과 같은 문화적 예술적인 중심을 경험한 장소가 지금도 세계적인 관광도시로서 동경의 으로 사람들에게 인기를 모으는 것은 그런 문화적 유산이 남아 있기 때문이다.
역사적으로 보았을  문화 예술의 중심이었던 곳은 브랜드가 되고경제의 중심이었던 곳은 브랜드가 되지 못하는 것은 매우 흥미로운 현상이다.


If you attended a middle/high school in Korea, or your Korean language skills are equivalent to that level, take LTKO 149 or LTKO 140. (If you have any questions about LTKO 140, contact Professor Jin-Kyung Lee directly.)